Guided Reading and Analysis Becoming a World Power Answers
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Passage 1: Henry Moore (1898 – 1986 )
Questions 1-vii: Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
1. Respond: Truthful
Key words: leaving school, Moore, did, father, wanted
It is mentioned in the get-go paragraph that "After leaving school, Moore hoped to become a sculptor, simply instead he complied with his father's wish". To 'comply with something' means to 'agree to or obey something', and then Moore agreed to practise what his father wished. Thus, this statement is clearly true.
- desire = wish
- Answer: True.
2. Respond: Imitation
Key words: began, sculpture, first term, Leeds School of Art
Past skimming the proper name 'Leeds School of Art', we tin notice information in paragraph ii saying that "Although he wanted to study sculpture, no teacher was appointed until his 2nd year". This means that he could not have studied sculpture in his offset yr, not to mention his first term. Thus, the answer is FALSE.
Respond: Faux.
three. Answer: NOT GIVEN
Key words: Royal College of Art, reputation, sculpture, excellent
By skimming the proper substantive 'Royal Higher of Art', we tin can find data in paragraphs 2 and 3 that mention his period of written report at that place. However, there is no information on the reputation of this schoolhouse. Therefore, the respond is Non GIVEN.
Answer: NOT GIVEN.
4. Answer: TRUE
Key words: enlightened, ancient sculpture, visiting, London museums
In paragraph 3, information technology is stated that Moore visited many London museums where "he discovered the power and dazzler of ancient Egyptian and African sculpture".
- become aware = discover
- Answer: True.
5. Answer: NOT GIVEN
Key words: Trocadero Museum, Mayan sculpture, public, interest
The proper noun 'Trocadero' can be establish through skimming in paragraph iv. It was in this museum that Moore "became fascinated" with a Mayan sculpture, only there is no information on whether the public too establish it fascinating. Thus, we do not know if this Mayan sculpture attracted public interest or not.
Respond: NOT GIVEN.
vi. Answer: FALSE
Central words: Mayan sculpture, similar, other, stone sculptures
Even so in paragraph 4, regarding the Mayan sculpture, Moore thought information technology "had a power and originality that no other rock sculpture possessed". The word "originality" and the phrase "no other stone sculpture possessed" imply that the Mayan sculpture was unlike and dissimilar any others. Thus, information technology would be wrong to say that the Mayan sculpture was similar to other stone sculptures.
Answer: Fake.
seven. Answer: TRUE
Central words: artists, Unit I, modern fine art, architecture, popular
Unit 1 is mentioned in paragraph five: "The aim of the group was to convince the English public of the merits of […] modern art and architecture". This ways that Unit of measurement I wanted to prove to the public that modern fine art and architecture was of skilful quality and excellence. In other words, they wanted to make it more popular amongst the public.
Answer: Truthful.
Questions viii-thirteen: Consummate the notes below.
viii. Respond: resignation
Key words: urged, offer, leave, Royal Higher
Paragraph 6 mentions the event of Moore leaving the Royal College: "There were calls for his resignation from the Royal College, and the following yr […] he left […]". This ways that people wanted Moore to leave by offering his resignation (an declaration made by Moore himself that he would leave the chore). Thus, Moore was urged by his employers at the Imperial College to offer his resignation.
Answer: resignation.
nine. Respond: materials
Key words: turns to, cartoon, sculpting, not, available
Moving on to the 1940s, paragraph eight mentions: "A shortage of materials forced him to focus on drawing". This means that Moore focused on drawing because materials for sculpting were not available.
- turn to = focus on
- not available = shortage
- Reply: materials.
10. Answer: miners
Key words: visiting, hometown, drawings
We know from the start of the passage that Moore'due south hometown was named Castleford, and then we should be looking for this proper name. In paragraph 8 we find: "In 1942, he returned to Castleford to make a series of sketches of the miners who worked at that place".
- some drawings ~ a series of sketches
- Answer: miners.
11. Answer: family unit
Key words: employed, produce, sculpture, of
Paragraph 9: "In 1944, Harlow, a town well-nigh London, offered Moore a committee for a sculpture depicting a family unit". The phrase 'offer someone commission' ways 'employ someone and pay them with coin'. In this case, Moore was employed to make a sculpture of a family.
- apply = offer [someone] a commission
- Answer: family.
12. Reply: collectors
Key words: commencement, buy, Moore's piece of work
Paragraph 9: "Moore's work became available to collectors all over the world". While this sentence alone cannot prove that Moore's work was 'bought' by collectors, it is supported by the following judgement: "the boost to his income […]". Thus, it can be inferred that Moore gained extra income thank you to collectors buying his piece of work.
- Respond: collectors.
xiii. Reply: income
Key words: increased, possible, aggressive, sculptures
This question directly follows question 12: "The boost to his income enabled him to take on aggressive projects"
- increase = boost
- make it possible for = enable
- Answer: income.
Passage two: The Desolenator : producing clean water
Questions 14-20: Reading Passage ii has seven sections, A-Grand.
14. Reply: iii
Department A introduces Janssen's device, which originally comes from the idea of "rooftop solar heating systems" in Southeast Asia. Ii decades after, he "developed that bones idea he saw in Southeast Asia into a portable device…" Thus, the only appropriate heading for this section is 3 – 'From initial inspiration to new production'.
- Respond: three.
15. Answer: vi
Section B starts past mentioning the function of the desolenator: it can "take water from different places, such every bit the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain, and purify information technology for man consumption". Thus, 'the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain' tin can be regarded as unlike sources of water which can be purified (cleaned) past the device. So the heading is half-dozen – 'Cleaning water from a range of sources'.
- clean = purify
- Answer: vi.
xvi. Answer: 5
Section C explains how the device works. It starts by emphasizing that "dissimilar standard desalination techniques, it (the desolenator) doesn't require a generated power supply: just sunlight". This is considered the feature of the desolenator which makes it different from other alternatives. Thus, the heading is v – 'What makes the device different from alternatives'.
- dissimilar = unlike
- Answer: 5.
17. Answer: x
The topic judgement of Section D is correct at the showtime: "A recent analysis plant that at least two-thirds of the world's population lives with severe water scarcity for at least a month every year". The department then continues by describing the hardships in such regions with water shortage, with different vocabulary for the aforementioned phenomenon: "water scarcity", "water stress". So the correct heading must be ten – 'The number of people affected past water shortages'.
- water shortage = water stress = h2o scarcity
- Answer: x.
18. Answer: iv
This section names "a wide variety of users" for the desolenator, both in the developing and developed world. In the developing world, customers can be "those who cannot afford the coin for the device outright and pay through microfinance, and centre-income homes that tin charter their own equipment". Meanwhile, potential markets in adult countries are "niche markets where tap water is unavailable". Therefore, the most suitable heading for Section E would be iv – 'The range of potential customers for the device'.
- customers ~ users
- Answer: four.
nineteen. Answer: eight
This department discusses the price of the desolenator. Janssen said that his company has a "social mission" and that the main application would be in "the developing world and humanitarian sector". By saying "this is the way we will go along", Janssen implies that the company volition proceed to produce devices that tin can help those in demand. Thus, it can be inferred that profit is not the principal goal for Janssen. The answer is viii.
- Answer: viii.
20. Reply: i
This section mentions the funding of the project ("It has raised £340,000 in funding and so far") and its futurity prospects ("the company aims to be selling 1,000 units a month"). Thus, the about appropriate heading is i – 'Getting the finance for production'.
- finance = funding
- Answer: i.
Questions 21-26: Complete the summary beneath.
21. Answer: wheels
Key words: device, used, different locations,
Department C explains how the desolenator works: "It measures 120 cm by 90 cm, and is easy to ship, cheers to its two wheels". 'like shooting fish in a barrel to transport' has been paraphrased into 'tin can be used in different locations'. The feature that makes this possible is its 'two wheels'. Nevertheless, equally nosotros tin can simply apply One Give-and-take, the answer must be 'wheels'.
- Respond: wheels.
22. Answer: film
Key words: water, fed, pipe, flows, solar panel
"Water enters through a pipe, and flows every bit a thin film betwixt a sheet of double glazing and the surface of a solar panel". After water enters a piping (or is 'fed into' a pipe), a sparse film of water flows out, between 'a sheet of double glazing and the surface of a solar console'. It tin can be inferred that the film of water flows over the surface of a solar panel. Therefore, the blank should be filled with 'picture'.
- Answer: film.
23. Answer: filter
Central words: any, particles, water, defenseless in
"The device has a very simple filter to trap particles".
- catch = trap
So this sentence tin be paraphrased into the passive voice equally 'particles are trapped/caught in a very uncomplicated filter'. The answer is 'filter'.
- Answer: filter.
24. Respond: waste material
Key words: purified, water, tube, types, through another
This sentence distinguishes between two types of liquid that come out through two dissimilar tubes. In Section C: "In that location are two tubes for liquid coming out: 1 for the waste product – salt from seawater, fluoride, etc. – and some other for the distilled water". The term 'distilled water' is synonymous to 'purified water', then the other type of liquid must be 'waste'.
- purified = distilled
- Reply: waste material.
25. Reply: performance
Key words: screen, displays, transmits, information, company, know, Desolenator, requires
The concluding sentence of section C states that: "The performance of the unit is shown on an LCD screen and transmitted to the company which provides servicing when necessary".
The showtime function of the judgement can exist paraphrased using the passive vocalism into 'an LCD screen shows the performance of the unit'.
- display = show
- device = unit
So the answer for Q25 is 'operation'.
The 2nd role of the sentence means that the information lets the visitor know when it is necessary to practise servicing, i.east. when the device requires servicing. So the answer for Q26 is 'servicing'.
- require = necessitate (necessary)
- Answer: functioning; servicing.
26. Reply: servicing
Primal words: screen, displays, transmits, information, company, know, Desolenator, requires
The last sentence of section C states that: "The performance of the unit of measurement is shown on an LCD screen and transmitted to the company which provides servicing when necessary".
The offset office of the sentence can be paraphrased using the passive vocalization into 'an LCD screen shows the performance of the unit'.
- brandish = prove
- device = unit
So the reply for Q25 is 'operation'.
The second part of the sentence ways that the information lets the company know when information technology is necessary to do servicing, i.east. when the device requires servicing. Then the answer for Q26 is 'servicing'.
- require = necessitate (necessary)
- Reply: performance; servicing.
Passage iii: Why fairy tales are really scary tales
Questions 27-31: Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.
27. Reply: C
Key words: fairy tales, details, plot
The very first sentence of the passage mentions that: "[…] the same story often takes a diverseness of forms in different parts of the globe".
Thus, the matching answer is C, and the complete sentence is"In fairy tales, details of the plot show considerable global variation."
- global = earth
- variation = variety = dissimilar
- Answer: C.
28. Answer: B
Key words: Tehrani, rejects, useful, lessons, life
Paragraph ii mentions: "the idea that they contain cautionary messages". Hither, 'cautionary letters' refer to the warnings or lessons for life, such equally listening to your female parent and avoid talking to strangers. This idea may be "what we observe interesting" near fairy tales, and why it has survived till this day. However, Tehrani's research suggests otherwise. Therefore, it can be understood that :Tehrani rejects the idea that the useful, survival-relevant lessons in fairy tales are the reason for their survival.
- Answer: B.
29. Respond: F
Fundamental words: theories, social, significance, fairy tales
Still in paragraph 2: "That hasn't stopped anthropologists, folklorists and other academics devising theories to explicate the importance of fairy tales in human society".
Thus, at that place are diverse theories about the social significance of fairy tales devised by various academics. Even so, according to Tehrani, "'Nosotros have this huge gap in our knowledge about the history and prehistory of storytelling", which implies that such theories are developed without full cognition on the topic, i.e. without factual basis. Then, the complete sentence is:Various theories nigh the social significance of fairy tales have been developed without factual basis.
- develop = devise
- significance = importance
- social = in society
- factual basis = cognition
- Answer: F.
30. Reply: A
Key words: insights, development, fairy tales
Information technology is stated in the concluding sentence of paragraph 2 that: "Now Tehrani has found a way to exam these ideas, borrowing a technique from evolutionary biologists". What Tehrani wants to find is how fairy tales have "evolved" and "survived", using the same methods of 'phylogenetic assay' used by biologists (paragraph 3). Therefore, information technology tin be understood that the development or evolution of fairy tales can be studied through methods used past biologists. This gives the correct judgement:Insights into the development of fairy tales may be provided through methods used in biological inquiry.
- development = evolution (evolve)
- biological enquiry = biologist
- Answer: A.
31. Answer: E
Fundamental words: analysed, Tehrani
Paragraph 4 mentions that Tehrani focused on analysing variants of two fairy tales:Niggling Red Riding Hood andThe Wolf and The Kids, and "he concluded up with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions". Thus, information technology can be inferred that these fairy tales were traditionally spoken rather than written. The complete judgement is:All the fairy tales analysed by Tehrani were originally spoken rather than written.
- analyse = analysis
- spoken = oral
- originally = tradition (traditionally)
- Answer: Due east.
Questions 32-36: Consummate the summary using the list of words, A-fifty, below.
32. Reply: D
Key words: techniques, evolutionary biologists, existed, 58 stories
Tehrani's utilise of 'phylogenetic analysis' can exist found from paragraph 3 onwards. This process is used past biologists to "work out the evolutionary history, development and relationships among groups of organisms…"
Paragraph 4: "Once his phylogenetic analysis had established that they (the stories) were indeed related, he used the same methods to explore how they have developed and altered over time", meaning that the phylogenetic assay was aimed at testing the relations, or links, amid these 58 stories. Thus, the answer for this question is D – 'links'.
- links = relationships
- Respond: D.
33. Reply: F
Fundamental words: aspects, fewest, believed, these, almost of import
Paragraph v: "Offset he tested some assumptions near which aspects of the story alter least as it evolves, indicating their importance". This sentence can be paraphrased into "he tested some assumptions about which aspects of the story had fewest alterations/variations, every bit this would indicate the most of import aspects".
- variation = alter (alteration)
Therefore, the answer is F – 'variations'.
- Reply: F.
34. Answer: B
Fundamental words: contrary, behavior, some, included, change,
In that location is a contrast between what folklorists believe and what Tehrani plant. All the same in paragraph 5, information technology is stated: "Folklorists believe that what happens in a story is more central to the story than the characters in it", while we notice in paragraph half-dozen that "Tehrani found no significant difference in the rate of development of incidents compared with that of characters". This means that he found both incidents (what happens) and characters in a story change over time, non just the characters as suggested by folklorists. Thus, the answer should be something synonymous to 'incidents', which can only be B – 'events'.
- alter over fourth dimension = evolve (charge per unit of evolution)
- events = incidents
- Answer: B.
35. Answer: C
Key words: surprised, parts, story, provide, unimportant
In paragraph 7, what was a "really big surprise" for Tehrani was that he found cautionary elements to be "just as flexible as seemingly lilliputian details" in "hunter-gatherer folk tales".
This ways that the elements which seem to provide cautionary, survival-relevant information may besides exist piddling, or unimportant, because they are not always fixed in the story. Although they may warn of "possible dangers" that may exist faced in the environment, these parts of a story accept surprisingly changed over time. Thus, the reply should exist synonymous to 'caution' or 'survival'. The about appropriate would be C – 'warning'.
- story = tale
- unimportant = fiddling
- Answer: C.
36. Answer: G
Fundamental words: aspect, about important, story's survival
The end of paragraph 7 features a rhetorical question: "What, so, is of import enough to be reproduced from generation to generation?". If a story is "reproduced from generation to generation, this means that the story survives for a long time. The answer, which was previously thought to be cautionary information/warnings, is actually "fear" (paragraph 8). The stories which survive are usually "claret-thirsty and gruesome", adjectives that we associate with horror and fear. Thus, the answer must be Yard – 'horror' considering it has a similar meaning.
- horror = fearfulness
- Respond: Grand.
37. Reply: B He looked at many dissimilar forms of the aforementioned basic story.
Key words: method, Tehrani, test, ideas, fairy tales
As mentioned in paragraph 4, Tehrani analysed 58 variants of two fairy tales in their oral class: "he ended upwards with 58 stories recorded from oral traditions". Thus, the answer is clearly B, because these stories are variants of the same bones story. A is wrong because he only examined oral stories; C is besides incorrect as the stories are clearly related; D is not discussed in the passage.
- Answer: B.
Questions 37-40: Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
38. Answer: D features of stories simply survive if they have a deeper significance
Key words: Tehrani'south views, Jack Zipes, suggests
By skimming the proper noun 'Jack Zipes', we can notice his opinion in paragraph nine: "'Even if they're gruesome, they won't stick unless they thing". Hither, 'gruesome' is synonymous to 'fearful, horrific'. Zipes argues that such gruesome features/details of fairy tales will non terminal long unless they have some meaning or significance in the story.
- stick = survive
- have significance = affair
Thus, the answer must be D.
- Reply: D.
39. Answer: A to indicate that Jack Zipes' theory is incorrect
Key words: Tehrani, Chinese, Japanese, fairy tales
Even so in paragraph 9, Tehrani defends his idea against the view of Jack Zipes. Tehrani "points out that although this is often the example in Western versions, it is not always true elsewhere". The instance here refers to the opinion of Jack Zipes that all fairy tales have "the perennial theme of women as victims". Tehrani shows that this theme is non present in Chinese and Japanese fairy tales, in which the adult female is ofttimes actually the villain, instead of victim. Thus, Tehrani refers to these fairy tales to debate that Jack Zipes' theory is wrong.
- Answer: A.
40. Respond: A They are a condom fashion of learning to deal with fear.
Central words: Mathias Clasen, believe
The terminal paragraph mentions Mathias Clasen's belief: "scary stories teach us what it feels like to be afraid without having to feel real danger". In other words, fairy tales let us larn nigh fright in a safer way (rather than experiencing real danger). The answer is therefore A.
The other answers are incorrect for the post-obit reasons:
B is wrong because "nosotros seek out amusement that'southward designed to scare usa". This means humans seek out, not avoid, fairy tales with fearful details.
C is irrelevant. While it is mentioned that "'Habits and morals change", Mathias Clasen does non say these are reflected in fairy tales.
D is incorrect because fairy tales with fearful features help us to "build up resistance to negative emotions", thereby INCREASING (not REDUCING) our ability to deal with real-world issues.
- Answer: A.
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